What to Check Before Buying Property in Nigeria

Property is often the biggest purchase a person makes. The checklist below helps you ask better questions. It does not replace a lawyer.

See the site yourself or through someone you trust

Confirm that the land or building exists, matches the description and is where the seller says. Look at access roads, neighbouring buildings, drainage and signs of other claims such as markers or foundations from another person.

Ask about the documents

• What documents does the seller hold, and in whose name?
• Is there a survey plan, and does it match the site?
• Is the seller the owner, or acting for the owner? Ask for proof of authority.
• Are there any disputes, caveats or acquisition notices you should know about?

Talk to the neighbourhood

People living nearby often know the history: who owns the land, whether there are disputes, and whether community or family consent is needed. Ask politely and compare answers.

Use the proper channels for records

Document checks should go through the appropriate official offices and a qualified property lawyer. Do not rely on photocopies alone.

Protect your payment

• Do not pay in full before the checks are done.
• Pay into an account that matches the seller or their lawyer.
• Get receipts and a written agreement.
• Have a lawyer review the documents before you sign.

A physical property verification gives you a factual report on the site and the documents that can lawfully be checked. It is not a legal title certificate.